Eletrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE. ELECIRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 8. I913. RENEWED DEC. 28,19I7- Patented Mar. 26,1918.

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UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, 0F NIAGARA ALLS, NEVJ' YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO U. S. LIGHT 8!, HEAT COEPORATIUN, 0T? NIAGARA FALLS, NEW

YORK, A CORPORATION OF NET/V YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

Application filed March 8, 1913, Serial No. 752,866. Renewed December28, 1917. Serial No. 209,366.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM A. 'TURBAYNE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara and State ofNew York, have invented new and useful Improvements in ElectricalSystems oi Distribution, of which the following is a full, clear,concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing, forming a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrical systems ofdistribution.

In many systems of electrical distribution a constant potential sourceis employed to supply a lighting system and at the same time a widelyfluctuating load. Such systems are employed in office buildings where aconstant voltage source supplies the lights and also the electricelevators. It is, of course, very desirable that the lights shall be Inorder that the intermittent and heavy demands imposed by the elevatormotors shall not re fiect back on the lighting circuit, it is customaryto connect the lights across the constant voltage source and tointerpose a booster of special type between the lighting circuit and thefluctuating load. The booster is so regulated that only current of asubstantially constant value may pass through its armature, any excessdemand of the load being supplied by a storage battery which isconnected across the fluctuating load circuit. The booster regulatingmeans is so arranged that only a current equal to the average currentrequirement of the load and a small additional amount necessary tomaintain the battery in charged condition may pass therethrough. Shouldthe demand of the fluctuating load exceed this predetermined constantvalue, the regulating means will cause the booster to develop an E. M.F. causing a drop in voltage between the constant voltage source and theload, thereby causing the battery to discharge and supply the excessdemand.

Systems of this type heretofore employed have not respondedinstantaneously to variations in the current demand with the result thatthe battery did not instantaneously take up the overload so thataportion of the demand was furnished by the constant voltage 'source,causing a disturbance in the lamp circuit. This sluggishness in actionis due to various causes, resulting, for example, from a time lag in theregulator due to inertia in the regulating devices or a lag in boostermagnetism due to inductance in its field windings or to hysteresis.

An object of this invention is to provide a booster system which willinstantaneously respond to circuit conditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved booster, theregulating action of which is entirely brought about by its armaturecurrent.

These and other objects may be attained by the embodiments illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a preferred embodiment of theinvention.

FigsQ and 8 are respectively an end view and a vertical sectiondiagrammatically illustrating the improved booster.

Fig. 4: represents diagrammatically a modified system.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate respectively an end view and a vertical sectionof the improved booster employed in Fig. 4:.

Fig. 1 illustrates a constant voltage source of any preferred type. Inthis instance a generator is provided with an armature 1, a series field2, and a shunt field 3. Suitable automatic or other regulating means lmay be employed to regulate the'shunt field. A lighting circuit 5 and avariable load, here illustrated as motors. 6 are connected across themain leads 7 and 8. A storage battery 9 is connected across the variableload circuit, the number of cells of the battery being so chosen thatthe battery will neither charge nor discharge at the normal voltage ofthe source. A regulating booster is connected in series in the lead 7between the lamp circuit and the storage battery.

The booster, shown more in detail in Figs. 2 and 3. comprises anarmature 10 provided with two distinct armature windings 11 and 12, eachconnected with a commutator 13 or 14 in the usual manner. The armaturerevolves within a yoke 15, preferably of iron or steel, provided withpole pieces 16, but with no windings. The purpose of the pole pieces issimply to gather up and complete the magnetic circuit for the flux setup by current flowing through the armature windings. This purpose wouldbe served as well by a continuous ring without definite polarprojections, but such a structure would give rise to undesirablesparking at the brushes. To provide neutral spaces to insure goodcommutation and sparkless operation of the brushes, therefore, theexternal ring is preferably cut away, as illustrated, forming the polepieces.

The armature winding 11 is of comparatively high resistance and isconnected by brushes 17 and 18 across the constant voltage source. Thearmature winding 12 is of comparatively low resistance and is connectedby brushes 19 and 20 in series in the lead 7.

The booster is driven by any desired means as, for example, by the motor21 connected across the leads 7 and 8 and provided with a shunt field 22controlled by a starting box 23.

Upon the passage of current through the armature winding 12 connectedthrough the brushes 19 and 20, a magnetic flux will be developed havinga symmetry axis in line with these brushes and upon rotation of thearmature an E. M. F. will be developed across the brushes 17 and 18 atright angles to this flux axis. The windings are so proportioned thatwith the passage of the pre determined desired constant urrent throughthe winding 12 the E. M. F. developed across brushes 17 and 18 will bejust equal to the E. M. F. of the source so that no current will flow inthe armature winding between these brushes. The voltage across the loadcircuit will, therefore, be equal to the voltage of the source and thebattery will just float across the line.

Increase of current through brushes 19 and 20, due to an increase indemand by the motors, will cause the E. M. F. developed across brushes17 and 18 to predominate over the E. M. F. of the source, with theresult that a current will flow between brushes 17 and 18 through thewinding 11. A magnetic flux will consequently be set up in line withthese brushes 17 and 18 which will develop an E. M. F. across brushes 19and 20 in a direction to oppose the E. M. F. of the source, causing,therefore, a reduction in voltage across the fluctuating load circuit.Under these conditions the battery will discharge into the load circuitto meet the excess demand.

A decrease of current through brushes 19 and 20 below the normal demandwill, of course, result in the E. M. F. across brushes 17 and 18 fallingbelow that of the source, with the result that current will flow between brushes 17 and 18, through the armature winding 11 in the oppositedirection. This will develop an E. M. F. across brushes 19 and 20 in adirection to assist the E. M. F. of the source, thus causing a chargingcurrent to flow to the battery.

The result under either condition is to tend to hold the current flowingthrough the brushes 19 and 20 to a constant normal value. The degree ofdeparture from an absolutely constant value required to bring theregulating functions of the booster into action will be determinedwholly by the proportioning ot' the armature windings both as to therelative number of effective turns and their resistance.

Fig. 4 illustrates a similar system in which, however, a single armaturewindina is utilized to carry both the magnetizing and working omponentsof current. In this case the brushes 17 and 18 which carry themagnetizing component of current are connected across an independentsource of relatively low E. M. F. as, for example, a few cells ofstorage battery 24. The brushes 17 and 18 and 19 and 20 are arranged tobear on the same commutator and are spaced ninety electrical degreesapart. As the magnetizing component of current through brushes 1 and 18and the working component of current through brushes 19 and 20 flowthrough the armature winding at right angles, the current at any instantin two quarters of the armature winding will be the sum of these twocomponents while the current in the other two quarters will be thedifierence between these two components. The heating and other effectswill, therefore, be proportional only to the vector sum of these twocomponents of current.

The electrical operation of this system is exactly similar to theoperation of the system illustrated in Fig. 1.

In a booster of either form illustrated, the current entering thearmature winding through one set of brushes, acting upon the magneticflux at right angles thereto, exerts a torque as a motor, absorbingenergy from the system, while the current entering the armature windingthrough the other set of brushes will have a generator action, restoringenergy to the system. Consequently, in order to drive such a booster, acomparatively small motor may be utilized having simply a capacitysufficient to drive a complete set at the desired speed against theinternal losses.

Various means may be employed to vary the predetermined constant currentwhich the booster will admit to the load circuit.

Thus in Fig. 1, a switch 25 is provided, by means of which cells of thebattery may be introduced to vary the voltage opposed to the E. M. F.across the brushes 17 and 18. A similar result may be obtained in Fig. 4by varying the number of cells in the battery 24-. In either case shouldthe E. M. F. across the brushes 17 and 18 be opposed to a source ofreduced voltage, a lesser current through brushes 19 and 20 wouldeffectively develop the E. M. F. required to neutralize the E. M. F. ofthe constant source across which the brushes 17 and 18 are connected.

The same effect may be obtained by varying the speed of the drivingmotor for it is obvious that if the booster speed is reduced a greatercurrent would be necessary through brushes 19 and 20 to develop theproper E. M. F. across brushes 17 and 18 to neutralize the E. M. F. ofthe constant source.

In the type of booster herein described, the variations of magnetic fluxwill be in absolute time relation with the variations of current throughthe armature windings and as no field windings or closed electriccircuits of any description surround the ex ternal magnetic circuit todelay the flux changes, this booster will respond instantaneously uponvariation of current from the normal value.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States is:

l. The combination, in a system of electrical distribution, of a loadcircuit, a generator, and a battery, each connected across leads of saidload circuit, and a dynamo electric machine provided with armaturewindings connected in series between said generator and battery andprovided with armature windings connected across said generator.

2. In a system, two circuits between which there is a variablediiference in voltage, means for causing a practically constant currentto flow therebetween, said means comprising a dynamo electric machinehaving two sets of brushes spaced substantially ninety electricaldegrees apart and having a portion of its armature windings connected byone set of said brushes in series between said circuits and a portion ofits armature windings connected across said circuits by the other set ofsaid brushes.

8. In combination, a constant potential source, a fluctuating load, anauxiliary source, and a dynamo electric machine connected between saidsources, said dynamo electric machine having two sets of brushes spacedninety electrical degrees apart and having its armature windingsconnected by one set of said brushes in series between said sources andalso having its armature windings connected across said constantpotential source by the other set of said brushes.

4. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source,a lighting circuit connected across said source, a load circuitincluding a fluctuating load, a storage battery connected across saidload-circuit, and a constant current booster, said booster beingprovided with brushes connecting the armature of said booster acrosssaid constant potential source, and said booster also being providedwith brushes connecting the armature of said booster in series betweensaid lighting circuit and said fluctuating load circuit.

5. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source,an auxiliary source, a fluctuating load, and a constant current boosterfor determining the amount or said load carried by each source, saidbooster having armature windings connected across said constantpotential source in opposition tosaid source, and said booster alsohaving armature windings connected in series between said sources.

6. In a system of electrical distribution, a constant potential source,a load circuit connected across said source, a second load circuitincluding a fluctuating load, and a constant current booster, saidbooster having armature windings connected across said source inopposition thereto, and said booster also having armature windingsconnected in series between said load circuits.

7. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source,a widely fluctuating load, an auxiliary source connected across saidload, and a regulating dynamoelectric machine for determining theproportion of load carried by each source, said generator being free offield windings, said dynamo-electric machine having its armatureconnected in series between said sources and being regulated by thecurrent flowing through said armature.

8. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant voltage source,an auxiliary source, a variable load supplied by said sources, and abooster for determining the proportion of load carried by each source,said booster having its armature connected in series between saidSources and being regulated solely by armature current, whereby theregulating action of said booster is in absolute time relation withfluctuations in current from said sources.

9. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant voltage source, afluctuating load, an auxiliary source connected across said load, and aregulating booster for determining the proportion of load carried byeach source, said booster being provided with two sets of brushes, thearmature of said booster being connected to one set of said brushesacross said constant voltage source, and the armature of said boosteralso being connected to the other set of said brushes in series betweensaid sources.

10. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potentialsource, and a regulating booster, said booster being provided with atermined current through said series brushes will develop an E. M. F.across said first pair of brushes exactly equal and opposite to the E.M. F. of said source, whereby a decrease in said predetermined currentwill cause said source to send a current through said first pair ofbrushes in one direction, and an increase in said predetermined currentwill cause the E. M. F. across said first pair of brushes to predominateover the E. M. F. of said source.

11. In a system, two circuits between which there is a varyingdifference of voltage, means for causing a practically constant currentto flow therebetween, said means comprising a dynamo electric machineprovided with brushes connected to armature windings and spaced ninetyelectrical degrees apart, one pair of said brushes bein connected inseries between said circuits and another pair of said brushes beingconnected across a practically constant voltage source.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presenceof two witnesses.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses:

JAMES L. COUGHLIN, F. G. SWAUNIE.

00,! e! flak patent my be obtained or five cent: each, by eddreuing theCommluloner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

